Mixed and broadleaf forests are some of the most diverse and picturesque ecosystems on the planet. They represent a unique combination of various species of trees, shrubs, grasses, and other plants that form dense green canopies and create impressive forest landscapes.

Mixed forests are characterized by the presence of various species of trees growing together in one area. This means that such forests can feature both deciduous and coniferous trees. For instance, pines, firs, oaks, beeches, maples, and other trees could coexist in mixed forests since the Paleogene period. Broadleaf forests, as the name suggests, are characterized by the predominance of trees with broad leaves.

Mixed and broadleaf forests are typically associated with a temperate climate zone, with mixed forests prevalent in moderately cold climates and broadleaf forests in moderately warm climates. During interglacial periods, these forests were widespread across the eastern part of North America, most of Europe...