Mixed and broadleaf forests are some of the most diverse and picturesque ecosystems on the planet. They represent a unique combination of various species of trees, shrubs, grasses, and other plants, forming dense green canopies and creating impressive forest landscapes.

Mixed forests are characterized by the presence of various tree species growing together in one area. This means that in such forests you can find both broadleaf and coniferous trees. For example, pines (Pinus), spruces, and coexisted with ginkgo trees, such as Ginkgo, magnolias, and other trees. Broadleaf forests, as the name implies, are characterized by the predominance of trees with broad leaves. Mixed and broadleaf forests are typically associated with a temperate climate zone, with mixed prevailing in a moderately cold climate and broadleaf in a moderately warm climate.

At the beginning of the Cretaceous period, these forests were narrowly distributed along the northern borders of North America, and in the s...