Freshwater bodies - rivers, swamps, lakes - were widespread across the vast territory of the supercontinent Pangaea. There were also rare freshwater bodies on the microcontinents of North and South China. Among underwater plants, green algae and stonewort algae (Charophyceae) continued to dominate throughout the period. Higher underwater spore plants also spread - ferns and horsetails. Many aquatic organisms hid in their thickets.

The animal life was very diverse. Worms and possibly insects dwelt in the thickness of river silt. Ancient crustaceans, eurypterids, possibly insects, and the ever-present worms crawled on the surface of the bottom. The water body was filled with amazing cartilaginous and bony fish. In lakes and bays, even freshwater sharks were found, such as Orthacanthus and Triodus, with an eel-like body and a sharp spine at the front of their bodies. Moreover, amphibians, true to their name, spent part of their life, and sometimes their whole life in the water. Here li...